仿生材料的设计合成与未来
俞书宏1,2*
1中国科学技术大学化学系，合肥市金寨路96号，230026
2合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心，合肥市金寨路96号，230026
*Email: shyu@ustc.edu.cn
人们从自然界获得灵感来设计实用材料和应用系统有着灿烂而悠久的历史。在自然界里，存在着大量的具有有趣的形貌和结构的生物矿物，这些矿物通常是由高度组织的有机-无机材料的复合物。诸如珍珠、牡蛎壳、珊瑚、象牙、动物牙齿、细菌中的磁性晶体和人体骨骼，都是典型的生物组织制造出的生物矿物。运用受生物启发的合成路径来制备多尺度复杂结构功能材料一直是无机化学、纳米科学、材料科学和生命科学等领域的交叉研究前沿的热点。本报告将总结近年来在运用仿生理念合成一系列仿生无机/有机纳米复合结构材料和宏观尺度组装体材料方面所取得的研究进展，系统研究了仿生分子模板对无机微纳材料的晶化、生长及形貌与结构的调控作用，建立了人工仿生合成珍珠母、仿生聚合物木材、超弹性抗疲劳材料等系列多级结构材料的合成方法, 阐释了其生长机理, 发现了无机仿生材料跨尺度合成的新途径，这类跨尺度合成的仿生材料展现了广阔的应用前景。
关键词：仿生合成；无机材料；纳米结构单元；组装；应用
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Bio-Inspired Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Functional Materials
Shu-Hong Yu1,2*
1Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei 230026, China
2 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Jinzhai Road 96, Hefei 230026, China
There is a rich and long history of gaining inspiration from nature for the design of practical materials and systems. During the past few decades, it has been one of the hottest research subjects in materials chemistry and its cutting-edge fields to explore new bio-inspired strategies for self-assembling or surface-assembling molecules or colloids to generate materials with controlled morphologies, unique structural specialty, and complexity. Especially, how to synthesize functional materials spanning all the length scale has been a daunting task. Recently, we have realized the bio-inspired synthesis of a family of inorganic or inorganic-organic micro-/nano- structural materials and their macroscopic scale assemblies, including bio-inspired molecule induced synthesis of micro-/nano-inorganic materials, bio-inspired interfacial assembly of macroscopic assemblies and functionalization. Especially, we can produce a family of functional bulk materials, such as synthetic nacre, artificial wood, super-elastic and fatigue resistant carbon materials, and self-healing and superstretchable conductors, which are spanning all the length scales, either by predesigned matrix-directed mineralization, polymerization or self-assembly process or by a bottom-up self-assembly process of nanoscale building blocks. These composite materials are emerging as a new material system, showing enormous application potentials in diverse fields.
俞书宏，中国科学技术大学教授，中国化学会会士，国家杰出青年基金获得者，教育部“长江学者奖励计划”长江特聘教授，中国科学院引进国外杰出人才，国家基金委创新研究群体科学基金项目负责人、国家“万人计划”科技领军人才，曾任国家重大科学研究计划项目首席科学家。现任合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心纳米材料与化学研究部主任。2019年当选中国科学院院士。
长期从事无机及复合材料的仿生合成、组装及功能化应用研究。在Science, Nature Materials, Nature Nanotechnology, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., Adv. Mater.等学术期刊上发表论文450余篇。被SCI引用58,191次，H因子134，2014- 2020年连续入选全球高被引作者。以第一完成人两次获国家自然科学二等奖，获安徽省重大科技成就奖、第二届全国创新争先奖章、国际水热-溶剂热联合会Roy-Somiya奖章等。担任Mater. Chem. Front.主编，担任Sci. China Mater.、EnergyChem、eScience副主编, 担任Accounts of Chemical Research, Advanced Materials, Nano Letters, Chemistry of Materials, ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Matter, Trends in Chemistry, Materials Horizons, Nano Research等国际顾问编委、执行编委或编委。
